MONDAY EXPORT CLASS
With
DR GODWIN OYEFESO (SUCCESSEDGE EXPORTERS NETWORK)
Topic: Quality Control and Pre-shipment Inspection (Part 1)
Quality assumes highest importance in penetrating, capturing and sustaining in International market. The international market is highly competitive and quality of product is one of the important determinants in export business. One of the important problems faced by many developing countries, including India, in increasing exports is the poor quality of product. Quality improvement is one of the prerequisites in improving the share in export market. Once we hear that the product is made in ‘Japan’, the immediate impression we gather, even before testing and using, is that the product would be qualitative. Such a psychological impact, Japan has been able to establish with its incessant efforts on the quality front. Before those efforts, in particular, prior to the introduction of comprehensive export inspection law in 1948, the products of Japan too were of poor quality. In short, quality control and pre-shipment inspection have an important place in improving export performance.
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DEFINITION AND MEANING OF QUALITY CONTROL
Quality control is defined as “a deliberate and planned activity having for its object the determination of quality of a product with a view to accepting it as such in case it satisfies the stipulated requirements, or in case it does not satisfy these requirements to take necessary measures to correct the quality appropriately. Control of quality is best exercised during the course of production of an article, actually staring from with the raw materials, going through the various stages and ending up with the final product, paying due attention to packing, storage and transport”.
“Pre-shipment inspection is the process of inspection of a batch of goods, just prior to shipment to determine whether it satisfies the conditions for shipment, which may be concerned either with the quality, weight, packaging, contraband character, etc.”
To ‘ascertain’ the level and ‘ensure’ that the level meets the expected requirements is the main theme of quality control. The level of quality-high, medium or low- depends upon how rich or poor the specifications are. The quality of the product is determined with reference to the requirements of the buyer. It should be understood in the relative sense but not in absolute sense of the term. It is immaterial whether the quality of the product is high or low. What is important, the quality should meet the requirements of the buyer.
MECHANISM FOR ENFORCEMENT OF QUALITY
In order to promote exports as per international standards, the Government of India has introduced compulsory quality control and pre-shipment inspection for majority of items (around 90%), by enacting the Export (Quality Control and Inspection) Act, 1965. The Government has set up Export Inspection Councils to monitor the quality of goods meant for exports. EIC has a network of offices throughout the country to conduct inspections and issue quality control certificates that are required before shipment of goods.
OBJECTIVES OF QUALITY CONTROL
The following are some of the objectives of quality control
- Promoting and ensuring the image of Indian goods exported to other
- Ensuring goods of assured quality only move into the export
- Sustaining the foreign markets where Indian goods are already favoured and developing new markets with qualitative
- Inspiring confidence in the minds of buyers, with the assurance provided by reputed third party
- Adhering strictly to the technological requirements accepted by the foreign buyers of the
- Ensuring sound and safe performance, without causing any health or safety
- Observing conformity of rules and regulations of the importing
- Maintaining proper packing for the safety of product during
- Eliminating the causes for complaints from the foreign buyers and making every effort to spread quality consciousness in the country to improve overall quality of Indian
- Maximizing production and effecting economies by
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METHODS OF QUALITY CONTROL AND PRE-SHIPMENT INSPECTION
There are three methods of quality control and inspection. They are:
1. Consignment-wise inspection
Under this system, each consignment, in packed condition, is subjected to detailed inspection by the Export Inspection Agencies. They conduct the inspection on the basis of statistical sampling plan. If the goods conform to the stipulated quality, they issue the inspection certificate. The certificate also carries a validity period before which the export consignment must be shipped. In case of consignment-wise inspection, actual export consignment, in packed condition, is taken for inspection.
No consignment of any notified commodity is allowed to be exported without the certificate issued by the recognised inspection agency. This system is applicable to all commodities other than those that undergo in-process quality control. Generally, Small- scale manufacturers who cannot afford to have their own facilities and personnel adopt consignment-wise inspection certificate procedure.
2. In-process Quality Control
Certain commodities like paints and allied products, linoleum, ceramics, printing ink, sanitary wares etc. come under the purview of In-process quality control.
In case of continuous process industries, an option is given to them to become approved “export-worthy” unit, as they possess the requisite infrastructure for manufacturing/processing products of standard quality. This status enables them to conduct inspection and give declaration and based on their declaration, they get inspection certificate.
3. Self-Certification
With the experience gained in operating the compulsory Quality Control and Pre- shipment Inspection Scheme in India, there has been a qualitative change in the inspection system also. Recently, a self-certification system has been introduced. This is based on the concept that the manufacturing unit which has in-built responsibility for quality control should have the freedom to certify its own product for export.
TO BE CONTINUED……
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Till then, you will succeed